http://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/issue/feedTikrit Journal For Political Science2024-01-29T14:00:11+00:00سيف نصرت توفيقjopos.tu@tu.edu.iqOpen Journal Systems<p>Tikrit Journal of Political Sciences is a quarterly journal concerned with scientific and academic political research issued by the College of Political Sciences / Tikrit University. It is concerned with global events and issues, specialized in international affairs, strategy, political and security systems, international economic relations and peacebuilding.</p>http://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/286Postmodern geopolitics (The Age of New Empires: Outlines of Geopolitics in the Twenty-First Century)2024-01-28T22:05:18+00:00Dr. Sura Muwafaq Maqsoud<p>ينقسم الكتاب الى أربعة أقسام إضافة الى ما قبل المقدمة والتي من خلالها وضح المؤلف ان القرن العشرين لم يعرف اثراء للتحليل السياسي من طريق البعد الجيوسياسي وحسب، بل حدث فيه تصنيف جديد للعمليات التاريخية، ووضح ان مع نهاية القرن العشرين استقر الأمر لتصنيف يميز بين ثلاث مراحل نظرية تعد عميقة بدرجة العامل المكاني نفسها ولكنها تقوم على أساس عامل الزمن وتمثلت بـ"الانموذج التقليدي" او (المجتمع ما قبل الحداثي)،و"الانموذج المعاصر" او (المجتمع المودرن-الحداثي)، و"المجتمع ما بعد الحداثي"، ووضح المؤلف ان هذه النماذج يقابلها في المصطلحات الاقتصادية "المجتمع ماقبل الصناعي" او الزراعي" و"المجتمع الصناعي" والمجتمع ما بعد الصناعي"(مجتمع المعلومات). ورأى المؤلف ان هذه الأنماط الثلاث موجودة في أوروبت وامريكا الشمالية، في حين ان الثقافات الأخرى لا تتضمن سوى النمط الاول والثاني، ومع انتشار العولمة بدأت عناصر مجتمع ما بعد الحداثة تنتشر بطريقة تصاعدية لتشمل باقي البلدان والشعوب في العالم.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 http://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/252The role of the United Nations in employing sport in the field of achieving sustainable development2023-11-03T20:55:50+00:00AYA GHANIMDr. Enas A. Ali<p> </p> <p>Since its inception, the United Nations has undertaken the responsibility of adopting many goals and programs that seek to achieve development in various political, economic, social, cultural and other fields in various countries of the world. It has also established the implementation of these goals and programs on the ground by relying on whatever means possible and developing strategies for This matter. The issue of the United Nations approach to using sport in its various forms in order to achieve sustainable development at the local and global levels does not arise. It has only worked to employ the sporting tool, with the various aspects it includes, and the organizations and federations that it is based on, directly or indirectly, in order to Embodying the sustainable development goals approved by the United Nations on the ground and benefiting societies and countries from them.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/271Anticipating the Future of the Ukrainian Political System under the Ukrainian-Russian War2024-01-02T22:55:06+00:00Zeyad Al-DabbaghGhufran Hussein<p class="Keywords" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">The research deals with a set of challenges of the Ukrainian political system in light of its ongoing war with Russia and its repercussions on its future. The research problem began with several questions: What are the causes of the Russian-Ukrainian war? What are the main challenges facing the Ukrainian political system because of the war? What is the future of the Ukrainian political system? The research hypothesis touched on the challenges of the Ukrainian regime, which may take a long time to control and confront them, which will require great efforts to restructure and build Ukrainian society.</span></p> <p class="Keywords" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">On the contrary, the political system may collapse and be replaced by another. In order to understand the content of the research, a systematic analysis approach and an inductive approach were used. Important results were reached, including that the geographical location of Ukraine has made it a point of conflict between Russia and the West and that the United States of America and the Ukrainian regime are now facing challenges at all levels. There are a number of future scenarios that are expected to occur, as the Ukrainian regime may succeed in maintaining its existence, or it may fade and end.</span></p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/272The Effects of Smart Diplomacy on the Ease, Speed and Accuracy of Political Communication in the International System2024-01-02T23:27:58+00:00Sarwar Haider<p>For the first time in 2009, the term smart diplomacy entered the world political literature by Hillary Clinton, the last US Secretary of State. In fact, smart diplomacy is the result of synergy between hard power and soft power, hard threat and soft threat, and hard security and soft security. In fact, by using this new diplomacy, governments will have all types of diplomacy such as cyber diplomacy, media diplomacy, digital diplomacy, sports diplomacy, parliamentary diplomacy, etc. This research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and using available documents. According to the results of smart diplomacy using all dimensions of diplomacy and moral and financial capacity to help deal with the current era. Smart diplomacy has had positive effects in the ease, speed and accuracy of political communication and of course international influence. By using this type of diplomacy, governments, as the main players in the international arena, have a high speed in making decisions about the amount of tools and information provided, and are currently implementing decisions with great care.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/258The impact of international sanctions on the Russian oil and gas sectors2023-12-17T23:35:21+00:00nisreen<p>An economy the size of Russia has never been placed under such a wide range of economic sanctions as those now imposed as a result of its invasion of Ukraine, As a result, exports from countries imposing sanctions on Russia declined by (60%) of their export rate in the second half of 2021.</p> <p>The unequal dependence between Russia and Europe shows the extent to which Russia is affected by sanctions, Russian exports to Europe constitute about (83%) of Russia&39;s total exports, while Europe depends on Russia for only (46%) of its gas imports, On the other hand,Russia will lose the possibility of exploiting the infrastructure on which it spent a lot of money to transport gas to Europe from its pipelines connecting its western and northern fields, Russia must now abandon these pipelines and rely on the (Power of Siberia 1) transmission line,which delivers gas to China, but it has a capacity of only (38) billion cubic meters, and It only reaches limited fields (Kovykta and Chayanda).</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/221The Type of Gains and Their Impact on International Cooperative Interactions: Case Study2023-12-22T12:16:23+00:00Ammar hameed yasienAbdullah Rashid Majeed<p>In this research, the impact of the type of gains on international cooperative interactions, especially in the face of climate challenges, was explored. It was found that relative gains play a crucial role in guiding a state's behavior regarding international environmental agreements. This analysis reflects important lessons for shaping policies and international efforts in the same field.</p> <p>When states expect relative gains that outweigh the expected losses from cooperation, they are more inclined to commit to agreements and engage positively with international partners (New Realism). In contrast, when expected losses exceed gains, international cooperation becomes less likely and can lead to avoiding commitments or even withdrawal. This is evident in the case study of the United States' withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.</p> <p>On the other hand, the New Liberalism emphasizes the importance of addressing issues of cheating and non-compliance as a means to enhance cooperation among states through the exchange of data and information, rather than focusing on the type of gains. These efforts can positively impact collective efforts, mutual understanding, and optimal outcomes.</p> <p>This theoretical discussion contributes to understanding the motivations and behavior of states in international relations. New Realism focuses on relative power and its role in promoting national interests, guiding state behavior. Conversely, New Liberalism highlights the positive dimensions of international cooperation, common values, and ethics in shaping state behavior.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/266"The American-Russian Conflict Over Natural Resources in the Caspian Sea Region."2023-12-22T23:32:00+00:00Sabah Mohammed Saleh Al-Jubouri<p>The Caspian Sea region has great importance because of the natural resources it contains, which was a driver of the nature of international interactions, especially between the United States of America and the Russian Federation. Washington wanted to control the energy resources in the region, weaken Russian influence there, encircle Iran, and prevent it from infiltrating the Caspian Sea countries. The United States expanded The American government sought to create a new situation, represented by the removal of energy transmission lines in the region from Russian hegemony. The Azerbaijani-American rapprochement to invest in oil resources affected the expansion of the base of the conflict. This unilateral decision was made without consulting its main partners, Russia and Iran. It also led a campaign to restore Dividing the wealth of the Caspian Sea between the five countries, at a time when Iran rejects this approach from Azerbaijan, saying that it did not choose a suitable partner well, and that this will open the doors of the region to Western influence, which affects the strategy of both Russia and Iran in the region.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/273" The reality of Iraqi foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council countries after 2005"2024-01-03T13:27:02+00:00Wajih Hamid ZeidanJamal Malik Asham Khalaf<p>The political changes in Iraq after the US occupation in 2003 led to influencing many of the Iraqi foreign political stances towards the countries of the region, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Among the Iraqi leaders and decision-makers with policies that are not compatible with the vision and objectives of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.</p> <p>After 2005, Iraq's foreign policy towards the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries witnessed significant changes. With the improvement of security conditions in Iraq, the Iraqi government sought to enhance relations with its Gulf neighbors. Efforts focused on economic cooperation and cultural exchange, aiming to promote regional stability. Despite political disagreements and tensions, Iraq aimed to build trust and understanding with the GCC countries. This shift in relations reflects Iraq's new aspirations for sustainable regional partnership and the achievement of stability in the Gulf.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/279Iraqi National Security and Cyber Threats… Cyber terrorism as a model2024-01-08T19:37:10+00:00Shaymaa Tarkan Salih<p>The massive spread of the use of Internet networks in Iraq led to a (major revolution) that left its effects on all aspects of life, including the national security of the Iraqi state, which is now facing new challenges, represented by cyber threats. The technological development that Iraq witnessed in the field of information and communications during the second decade of the third millennium, which coincided with the weakness of securitization in the national infrastructure (security, banking, or personal), led to Iraq becoming exposed to threats in all its forms. It is noted that most Iraqi institutions contract to supply their information from satellites with a service resource located outside the Iraqi borders, which leads to the passage of that information in the servers of those countries, and its return to Iraq, and therefore this procedure constitutes a breach of the Iraqi information security.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/280Strategic Competition in Managing the International Order :China and the United States of America as Models2024-01-08T19:41:08+00:00Hiba Hassan Raoof Ahmed<p>The end of the Cold War witnessed a strategic superiority for the United States of America, as it combined the possession of power and capabilities on the one hand, and the ability to influence on the other hand, and this enabled it to dominate and control the international system, at a time when other countries were looking for more power. , and seeking to change the status quo of the international system and limit the continuation of American hegemony and its leadership of the system to a new situation within the framework of the theory of power transformation, following the example of China and indeed, As soon as the United States of America began to sense the danger of the rise of China as a serious competitor to it, especially at the diplomatic and economic levels, because of this last level of weight and influence within the policy of shifting power and quiet creeping towards other regions.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/283Political Islam and Secularism (Turkey as a Model)2024-01-20T21:51:58+00:00Amanj Ali Othman<table width="684"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="465"> <p> The study explores the intersection of "political Islam" and secularism, with a particular focus on Turkey as a model. Influenced by its historical legacy and cultural diversity, Turkey's social and political landscape provides a compelling case study for understanding the complex dynamics between political Islam and secularism. This introduction highlights the importance of studying this topic, defines the problem of the study, summarizes the purpose of the study, describes the approach taken, and gives an overview of the structure of the study.</p> <p>The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating elements from political science, history, sociology, and cultural studies. Uses qualitative study methods such as archival analysis, in-depth interviews, and literature review to collect and analyze data. By combining these approaches, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between political Islam and secularism in Turkey.</p> <p>The study is divided into sections covering the concept of political Islam, the meaning of secularism, Turkey’s unique position between secularism and political Islam, and a synthesis of the main findings and ideas. Through its analysis, the study contributes to broader discussions about the compatibility of religious and secular ideologies in diverse societies, offering implications for both Turkey and other societies grappling with the challenges posed by political Islam and secularism.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 http://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/284" The role of Iraqi women in political participation after 2005 "2024-01-20T22:25:03+00:00Reem Dhaif Abdulmajeed<p>The overall objective of the research is to know the concept and importance of political participation and, in particular, to identify women's political participation and the importance of participation and political interests of Iraqi women, and assumed that Iraqi women had a constructive power not only in political positions but also in all areas of economic, educational, professional and other life It also addresses women's rights, whether political, economic or social. The impulse of women in Iraq is a driving environment if it is a social and cultural environment with its various components of customs and traditions to reach advanced degrees in various social, economic, cultural, educational and political activities. s political rights through increased educational opportunities for women and their ability to enter employment and to assume important positions. Iraqi women have attained a high educational and cultural level and the rights between men and women are equal in all rights. However, at the political level, women fall far short of their rights. They have several positions in government. Women's ministerial or government representation on ministries is less important than men's in government. After 2005, however, this was demonstrated by Iraqi women's leadership of important positions in the State economically, socially, educationally and culturally. The political awareness of Iraqi women lies in the importance of exercising their political rights through increased educational opportunities for women and their ability to enter employment and to hold important positions.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Tikrit Journal For Political Sciencehttp://tjfps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/politic/article/view/287The repercussions of US economic sanctions on Iranian economy for the period (2010-2020)2024-01-29T14:00:11+00:00Fatimah Hasan Jasim<p>The economic sanctions imposed by the United States on the Iranian economy during the period from 2010 to 2020 are of utmost importance, These sanctions have had far-reaching implications on the Iranian economy, affecting various sectors, industries, and individuals, The aim of the study is to analyze and understand these implications and their impact on economic growth, investment, foreign trade, and unemployment indicators in Iran, The study will rely on the analysis of official economic data and reliable academic sources, with a focus on the period covered by the mentioned sanctions, this study reveal the ramifications of these sanctions and provide a more detailed understanding of their impact on the Iranian economy, which can contribute to informed decision-making regarding future economic policies in the country.</p>2023-12-31T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023