"The Repercussions of the Collapse of the Military Institution in Syria and Its Impact on the Political System: A Study of Influencing Factors and Causes"

Abstract

Abstract :An analysis of the Syrian army's collapse in 2024 reveals that this event was neither sudden nor isolated. Rather, it resulted from a long-term process of institutional decline influenced by international pressures, regional shifts, and internal fragmentation. External factors, such as increased Israeli attacks, reduced Russian support, and the army's diminished deterrent capability, significantly intensified moral and structural divisions within its ranks. Internally, worsening economic and living conditions, a lack of motivation and incentives, and a decline in national identity severely weakened military doctrine. Additionally, the army lost its autonomy, becoming entirely subject to regional and international power dynamics, which undermined its fundamental role as the protector of the homeland. As a result, rebuilding a capable national military institution requires comprehensive political reforms that restore state sovereignty and empower its institutions to effectively shape the future.