The Crisis of Sectarian Violence In Iraq after the American Occupation (2003

Abstract

The competition between Shia and Sunni communities in Iraqi society after the US occupation of Iraq in 2003 became the focal point of political conflict in the Iraqi state. These tensions and sectarian conflicts hindered state-building processes and destabilized the country. Furthermore، the lack of clear efforts by successive Iraqi governments to overcome these divisions and build a common national identity exacerbated the situation. Many of the measures taken so far have only contributed to further fragmentation of the state.

Historically، the disagreements between Shia and Sunni have revolved around political، theological، and doctrinal issues، which have been the cause of the division between the two sects. However، the competition for power، resources، and status is the driving force behind their modern manifestations and expressions. Gradually، the idea of sectarian representation has dominated political relations instead of representing citizens، leading to the exacerbation of existing divisions rather than alleviating them.