The effects of implementing a democratic system on political stability in Iraq after 2003

Abstract

This research aims to study the effects of implementing a democratic system on political stability in Iraq after 2003. This is done by analyzing the experience of transitioning from an authoritarian regime to a parliamentary democratic system stipulated in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005. The researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach, drawing on international data and indicators such as reports from the World Bank, Freedom House, and the United States Institute of Peace, in addition to a review of political literature related to democratic transition in developing countries. The research results show that the implementation of democracy in Iraq remained confined to a formal framework without achieving the required institutional and social reforms, which led to continued political fragility and a decline in governance indicators. The study also revealed that political sectarianism, the quota system, weak social justice, and a declining democratic culture were among the most prominent factors that undermined the chances of political stability. The researcher recommended restructuring the electoral system to ensure fair representation, promote a democratic culture through education and media, and achieve social justice through comprehensive development policies. Furthermore, it recommended supporting the independence of the judiciary and limiting external influence, thus contributing to achieving effective and sustainable political stability under a truly democratic system.