challenges of the parliamentary Regime in Iraq after 2003"

Abstract

Iraq is considered one of the Arab countries that has witnessed significant political transformations and violent events since the establishment of the modern Iraqi state in 1921 until the present day. It began with a monarchical system that later transitioned to a republican system in 1958. Under the republican system, there was a presidential regime that lasted until 2003. After the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the system of governance shifted from a presidential system to a parliamentary system.

The parliamentary experience is relatively new for Iraq, as it had not experienced a genuine parliamentary system for a long time. Therefore, what existed before 2003 cannot be considered a parliamentary experience. The recent parliamentary experiment is accompanied by a set of challenges and obstacles that test the efficacy of the parliament. Studying the parliamentary system, in particular, and the political process, in general, was not easy because it is a complex process that is intertwined with the political system and its internal and external environment. Both factors have an influence on the political system and, consequently, on the entire political process.